The frequency of deaths from COVID-19 among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals
AbstractThe development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for epidemic indications have contributed to a reduction in both morbidity and mortality. Fatal cases were recorded mainly in risk groups: among the elderly, including those vaccinated against COVID-19.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the frequency of deaths from COVID-19, taking into account vaccination history and concomitant diseases.
Material and methods. The material for the study was the medical documentation from the hospital (forms No. 003/y “Medical card of inpatient patient", No. 60/y "Journal of infectious diseases registration"; 225/y "Journal of analyzes and their results registration”). The sample consisted of 1086 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the period 2021–2022, including 42.8% men, 57.2% women, 47.8% vaccinated and 52.2% unvaccinated. Extensive indicators and error, χ2 test, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results and discussion. The mortality rate among those hospitalized was 14.2%; among vaccinated people it was 1.5 times lower than among those who were not vaccinated. Fatal outcomes in vaccinated patients, compared to unvaccinated ones, predominantly occurred in the older age group (77 years). The chances of developing a severe course of disease and adverse outcomes were higher in patients with respiratory system diseases (OR = 5.15, 95% CI 2.51–10.57, p<0.00001), cardiovascular diseases (OR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.25–8.29, p<0.00001) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.68, 95% CI 2.68–5.03, p<0.00001).
Conclusion. It was found that deaths among vaccinated individuals were more often recorded in patients with three or more concomitant diseases. The obtained results indicate the preventive significance of vaccination against COVID-19.
Keywords:COVID-19; mortality; risk groups; risk factors; vaccination
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution. Concept and design – Zhang C., Khrapunova I.A., Kostinov M.P.; data collection and processing – Zhang C., Khrapunova I.A., Raicic S.R., Simonova E.G.; text writing – Raicic S.R.; editing – Simonova E.G., Kostinov M.P.
For citation: Zhang C., Raicic S.R., Simonova E.G., Khrapunova I.A., Kostinov M.P. The frequency of deaths from COVID-19 among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Infectious Diseases: News, Opinions, Training]. 2023; 12 (4): 54–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2023-12-4-54-58 (in Russian)
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