Clinical and epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Siberia and the Far East

A retrospective analysis of Leptospirosis incidence in Siberia and the far East since 1937 has been carried out on the basis of published scientific and statistical data, materials of the Reference center for monitoring of natural focal diseases. 41 cases of Leptospirosis in the period 2012-2016 were analyzed.

In the middle of the last century, the incidence of leptospirosis in the region was massive, which was associated with the intensive development of agriculture. Preventive measures have significantly reduced the incidence. The rise of leptospirosis in the early 90's was associated with the pathogen of the serogroup Canicola and deterioration of the epizootic situation among dogs in cities. In the early twenty-first century, the incidence of leptospirosis has decreased again. In 2012-2016, imported cases from endemic countries of Asia (8.5±4.1%) appeared in its structure. The urban population (78.7+6.0%) and men (75.6+6.7%) were significantly more likely to suffer (p<0.01). Local cases among rural residents are associated, usually, with infection from non-vaccinated sick animals, and of urban residents - with non-observance of measures of personal prevention in case of a stay in the natural foci of leptospirosis. In the etiological structure of the diseases, including those with fatal outcomes (12.8+4.9%), dominated by pathogens of serogroups Icterohaemorragiae (44.1+8.5%) and Sejroe (26.5+7.6%). Among the preliminary diagnoses, the diagnosis of "viral hepatitis" (17.1+5.9%) was more common. The problems of laboratory diagnostics cause the detection of predominantly heavy and medium-heavy forms of leptospirosis (92.7+4.1%).